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- Name : Europium
- Symbol : Eu
- Atomic # : 63
- Atom weight: 151.96
- Melting P. : 822
- Boiling P. : 1527
- Oxidation : +2, +3
- Pronounced : yoo-RO-pi-em
- From : Named for the continent of Europe
- Identified : Eugene-Antole Demarcay in 1896
- Appearance : Soft, silvery-white metal
- Note : The thirteenth most abundant element along the rare earths
-
- [Properties]
-
- Europium looks and feels much like ordinary lead; it is slightly less
- heavy, but about as soft and shiny. Chemically, it is the most reactive
- of the rare-earth metals. It reacts much like calcium in water, for
- instance, bubbling off a gentle but continuous stream of hydrogen gas.
- Europium is one of the lanthanide series of elements. This is a series
- of rare-earth elemetns that begins with lanthinum (La, element 57) and
- ends with lutetium (Lu, element 71).
- Most europium is obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of
- phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium, and most of the other rare earths.
- Most of the unwanted metals can be removed magnetically or by flotation
- processes. The most difficult part of the process, however, is separating
- the rare earths from one another.
- Limited amounts of europium are available from the residue of
- conventional nuclear reactors.
- Like most rare-earth metals, europium can be separated from the others
- by an ion-exchange displacement process. The result is an europium ion
- that reacts with oxygen ions to form europium oxide. This oxide then
- becomes the primary vehicle for the production of europium metal.
- Europium is reduced from europium oxide by mixing it with powdered
- lanthanum metal in a tantalum crucible. This apparatus is then fired in
- a vacuum oven to produce europium metal and lanthanum oxide.
-